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The medieval study of optics in Bacon, Pecham, and Witelo. Cavallini has a chapter, Giotto two, one of them concentrating on It is not a survey or a history, and above all,Īnd deliberately, not a developmental history, but the discussion of a topic based onĪ highly selective group of works and artists from the late thirteenth to the earlyįifteenth centuries. Its aims are clearly set out in its preface. T h e interest of this short and readable book is in inverse proportion to its length. 160 black-and-white frontispiece, 84 black-and-white illustrations, 32 color illustrations. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987. The financial and other records of medieval England. Of pride and satisfaction to its members as they continue to make available in print The Pipe Roll Society wasįounded in 1883, and this volume published for its hundredth year should be a source 122)Īnd a confusion of aper and apis in the subject index. The editor has done his work throughout with scrupulousĬare I noticed only one trifling misprint in the text (Roman for Roman? on p.
PIPEROLL 111 FULL
The Latin text of the roll is followed by a full index of persons and places and byĪ lengthy subject index. To them, mostly for England, of course, but there are a dozen continental religiousĮstablishments mentioned as well as the counts of Saint-Pol, Boulogne, Dreux, Eu, Students of names, both place and personal, will discover much of value King, incluiding 1,318 hens for his coronation feast, and to clothing for him and hisĮntourage. Economic and social historians will find tidbits suchĪs the frequent references to the Jews, to the foodstuffs and wines bought for the Of which were to initiate or influence the legal process, and in the amercements which The legal historian will be interested in fines and proffers for favors, most But in this roll there is much to attract others besides political Trouble enforcing its will and was having to change its methods, as the editor makesĬlear (pp.
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Who did made the most perfunctory appearances the Exchequer was clearly having
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A number of the sheriffs did not bother to account on this roll, and several 14),Īnd large sums were being spent to rebuild and garrison royal castles (pp. It had been necessary to mount military campaigns against theĬount of Aumale, some of the expenses being credited here to one sheriff (p. Must have been most welcome to the depleted Treasury but was nonetheless indicative xvi), theseĮyres netted the government more than four thousand pounds, a huge amount which Throughout the roll, amerc ements of theįirst judicial eyres after the war attest to the amount of lawlessness, particularlyĭisseisins of lands, that the justices had to curb. Restoration of law and order was not easy. In the minority of the young king, Henry III, the Michaelmas 1219 to Michaelmas 1220, the effects of the baronial rebellion of 121517 are still plainly to be seen. In this pipe roll, for example, made up of accounts for the Exchequer year from Reign of Henry III and their publication remains a desideratum for historians of the Subsequent centuries, but the pipe rolls retain the greatest significance through the Many other records were made and are preserved for Pipe rolls were the principal records of royal government in England, and historians Gifts for favors, by amercements for offenses or taxation. Their reasons for falling into the king's debt, whether by holding office or proffering As records of the debtors' accounts, the pipe rolls contain fascinatingĭetails of English government as well as notices of great numbers of Englishmen with Or elsewhere as the king might direct, where they would receive receipts the Exchequer kept record of the debts and the payments, enforced collection, and consideredĬlaims of error. Debtors did not make payments into the Exchequer directly, but into the Treasury The Exchequer was the court before which all the king'sĭebtors, including especially his sheriffs, appeared once a year to make their accounting. Great Rolls of the Exchequer," they were early nicknamed "rolls of the pipe" eitherīecause of their shape or because they were the conduit by which the king's revenueįlowed into his Treasury. The first extant exemplar is dated 1131 and the last 1832.
PIPEROLL 111 SERIES
The English pipe rolls comprise Europe's longest series of governmental records: HARRIS, ed., The Great Roll of the Pipe for the Fourth Year of the Reign of King Henry